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Tana Toraja Traditional Settlement
A unique heritage

The Tongkonan House
With their saddle shaped roofs tongkonan house is the most noticeable thing about Toraja. The origins of the design is legendary and still unknown. The roofs are made of sticks of bamboo split in half and stacked. Modern houses may have sheet-metal roofs, but they maintain the same shape, and use panels on the under-side to mimic the shape of the traditional bamboo.

Pallawa

Tana Toraja stock photographs


The style of the tongkonans has changed slightly over time. The oldest surviving structures are generally small, with only a small curve of the roof. As the house came to embody aristocratic ambitions, it was gradually built higher and the curve of the extended eaves has become more and more exaggerated. Eventually the house grew to be more colourful and exuberant. Facing each tongkonan house there is one or more rice barns, in the same basic shape but much smaller. Like the houses, the rice barn is raised well off the ground to keep the rice free from damp, rats and other climbing vermin.


The pole on the front of the house, that supports the north end of the roof, usually has a carved buffalo head on it as well as a collection of genuine buffalo horns as a show of fiscal superiority. The exterior walls are covered with wood panels etched with geometric patterns and painted with black and red colours.
The meaning of the carved motifs remains debated. Common designs are for instance buffalo heads, pumpkin vines, water plants and animals such as crabs, tadpoles and the mysterious so-called katik, a big, long-necked bird with a crest on top of its head, this is either a cock or a mythical bird of the forests.

Pallawa

Tana Toraja stock photographs


Burials
Originally human remains and precious burial gifts were stored in elaborately carved wooden coffins. During the invasions of populations from the coastal area, lots of the coffins were destroyed. Since then, torajans began to make less decorated coffins and placed them high on the cliff faces.
The coffin may be laid in a cave, in a carved stone grave or hung on a cliff. It contains any possessions that the deceased will need in the afterlife. The wealthy are often buried in a grave carved out of a rocky cliff. A wood-carved effigy, Tautau, is usually placed in the cave looking out over the land. The hanging grave usually lasts for years, until the ropes rot and the coffin falls to the ground.

Tana Toraja Stock pictures

Ke'te Kesu


Tau-Tau have a surreal appearance. Larger than the man himself, they have hands and legs, the position of the hands are bent straight forward. Tau-Tau also wears the clothing of the deceased and its accessories like hat, stick and even jewellery.




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