Built along the ancient trade route from Lhasa to the Kathmandu Valley, Bodhnath (also called Khasacaitya), the foremost pilgrimage centre for Tibetans devotee, is one of the largest Buddhist stupa in Nepal and in the world. First built around 600 AD its present shape date back to the reconstruction works of the 14th century.
With its huge hemispherical dome the Bodhnath stupa covers a vast area, it sits on a three-tier platform with the shape of a mandala. The stupa is surrounded by buildings that form a circular courtyard. Paradoxically, Bodhnath has been spoiled by its popularity among Tibetan pilgrims and others, only 20 years ago the stupa was visible from a distance overwhelming with its large size the small houses ringing it. Today the many old houses are repalced by tall buildings built in close proximity and spoiling the architectural authenticity of the site.
Pilgrims first circumambulate the external wall with 147 prayer wheels. On the north there is the entrance gate where it starts the second inner pilgrimage path that reaches the top climbing the three tiers of the stupa platform. On the highest level, the drum has 108 small niches with stone sculpture of deities. The golden spire with the famous eyes of Wisdom and Compassion and a pinnacle with thirteen steps, number characteristic of the Mahacaitya.
In recent years refugees from Tibet have constructed an entire Tibetan village around the stupa, a Sakyapa Gompa and a Kargyupa Gompa are directly facing the stupa.
Bodhnath is listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.